Internal combustion engine



Jan. 43, 1933. H` HORN|NG v1,892,838

INTERNAL COMBUSTON ENGINE `Filed Aug. 22. 1928 VIM Patented Jan. 3, 1933lUNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE HARRY L. HOBNING, OF WAUKESHA, WISCONSIN,ASSIGNOR TO WAUKESHA 'MOT-OR- COHPANY, OF WAUKESHA, WISCONSIN, ACORPORATION OF WISCONSIN INTERNAL COMCBUSTION ENGINE'ApplicationledffAugust 22, 1928. Serial No. 301,224.

This invention relates to internal combustion engines, and moreparticularly to engines of the overhead valve type.

My invention is concerned more particularly with the provision of acompactturbulence producing combustion chamber and associated parts sorelated as to dispose the exhaust valve outside of the combustionchamber, reducing the hot spots in the combustion chamber to a minimum,while ermitting the spark plug to be disposed to est advantage withinthe combustion chamber. AFurther obJects and advantages of my invenionwill appear from the detailed descripion.

In the drawing:

Figure 1 is a vertical sectional view througlh the engine head and theupper portion of t e cylinder block, constructed in accordance with myinvention,.parts being shown in elevation; and

Figure 2 is sa horizontal sectional view taken substantially in theplane of line 2-2 of Figure 1.

In the embodiment of my invention illustrated by way of example, thehead 1 is secured upon the top of cylinder block 2 in a known manner,this head and the block being formed separately. The head andthecylinder block are cored out, where feasible, to provide space forcirculation of the cooling medium, as yis well known in the art. Thehead 1 is provided with a at or planar underface 3, through which opensa combustion chamber 4 formed in the head, the lower end of thiscombustion chamber being of approximately semicircular shape andoverlying a portion of the area of cylinder. A portion 3a of theatunderface of head 1 overlies the remaining portion of the area of thecylinder. A piston 6 reciprocates in cylinder 5 and the space betweenthis piston, when in raised position, and portion 3 of the head 1 issuch that the fuel mixture entrapped in this space is ineffective.Portion 3EL of the head and the corresponding portion ofthe cylinder 6thus cooperate to provide a shielded area within which is disposedv anexhaust valve 7 which seats in the inner end of an exhaustypassage 8formed in head 1,

the head being also formed with a suitable valve stem guide 9.

It `will be noted that the seat for valve 7 is formed so that the inneror lower face of this valve is flush with the under face of the head.The exhaust valve is thus disposed out of the combustion chamber 4 andin the shielded area.

Head 1 i's further provided with an inlet passage 10 which opens intothe combustion chamber 4 at the top thereof. Communication betweenpassage 10 and chamber 4 is controlled by an inlet valve 11, the stem ofwhich operates through a guide sleeve 12 formed in the head. A sparkplug 13 is secured through the head laterally thereof and projects intochamber 4, the electrodes of this spark plug being disposed in the pathof the entering or incoming charge. The spark plug is preferablydisposed near the top of the combustion chamber, as illustrated, and inthe pathof the incoming charge which impinges directly upon the sparkplug and exerts a desired cooling eifect thereon.

By constructing the combustion chamber 4 as illustrated and described,it is possible to obtain great turbulence. The degree of this turbulencewill vary with variation in the piston clearance, that is the clearancebetween the piston and the end of the bore of the cylinder, and theamount of shielded area of the piston, which corresponds to the varea ofportion 3a of the under face of head vcan be varied Within Wide limits.

In the construction illustrated, great turbulence is obtained, which Ibelieve to be new in overhead valve engines.

In the illustrated embodiment of my invention, I have shown the partingline between the head and the cylinder at the plane of the exhaust valveseat. I do not limit my. self to this construction, however, as theparting line could also be located at the plane of the inlet valve seator the combustion chambercould be formedin a spacer or block withparting lines at the inlet and the exhaust valve seats. In such case,the spacer or blocks would form with the .upper member or head a headstructure corresponding to that il1uslnio trated. I also contemplateforming the head and the cylinder in one casting. It is not necessary,therefore, that the head be formed as illustrated and the term head asused herein and in the appended claims is to be construed as coveringany structure, Whether formed in one or more parts or formed integrallywith the cylinder, which performs the functions above set forth of thehead shown in the illustrated embodiment of my invention.

I have illustrated and described Vmy invention, by Way of example, asapplied to an internal combustion engine of the aspera-ting type. It canbe applied, however, to advantage to engines of other types such as, forinstance, injection engines and I do not, therefore, intend to in anyWay limit my invention to asperating engines.

What I claim is:

I l. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a pistonreciprocating in the cylinder, a head having a combustion chamberoverlying a portion of the cylinder area, said head having a portionoverlying the remainder of the cylinder area and defining with thepiston,

when raised, a shielded area, a combustible gas intake passage openinginto the combustion chamber, an inlet valve overlying the cyhnder areaand controlling-said passage, a

burned gas exhaustpassage, and an exhaustvalve in said shielded kareacontrolling the exhaust passage. l 2. In an internal combustion engine,a cyllnder, a piston reciprocating in the cylinder, a head having acombustion chamber overlymg a portion of the cylinder area, said headhaving a portion overlying the remainder o f the cylinder area andforming with the piston, when raised, a shielded area, and com ustiblegas inlet and burned gas exhaust valves overlying the cylinder area, theinlet valve being in said combustion chamber and the exhaust valvebeing-in said shielded area.

3. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston reciprocatingin the cylinder, a head having a combi-'ist' ipham'ber overlying aportion of the cylin er area, said head having a portion overlying theremainder of the cylinder area and forming with the piston, When raised,a shielded area, and overhead combustible gas inlet and burned gasexhaust valves overlying the cylinder area, the exhaust valve being insaid shielded area.

4. In an internal combustion engine` av cylinder, a piston reciprocatingin the cylinder, a head having a combustion chamber of approximatelysemi-circular shape at its,

lying portion of said head, and inlet and exhaust valves mounted inthehead and controlling said passages.

5. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston reciprocatingin the cylinder, a head having a combustion chamber of approximatelysemi-circular shape at its lowerend and overlying a portion of thecylinder area, said head having a portion overlying the remainder of thecylinder area and disposed close thereto, the head having a combustiblegas inlet passage opening into said combustion chamber and a burned gasexhaust passage opening through the overlying portion of said head, aninlet valve mounted in the head and controlling the inlet passage, andan exhaust valve seating in the under face of the head at the inner endof the exhaust passage.

6. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston reciprocatingin the cylinder, a head having a fiat under face overlying a portion ofthe cylinder area, said head being provided with a combustion chamberoverlying another portion of the cylinder area, the head having acombustible gas inlet passage opening into said combustion chamber and aburned gas exhaust passage opening through the fiat under face of thehead, an inlet valve controlling said inlet passage, and an exhaustvalve seating in the under face of the head at the inner end of theexhaust passage, the combustion chamber beingof approximatelysemi-circular shape at its lower end with its outer Wall curved and insubstantial register with the Wall of the corresponding portion of thecylinder.

7. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston reciprocatingin the cylinder, a head having a combustion chamber overlying a portionof the cylinder area, said head having a portion overlying the remainderof the cylinder area and disposed close thereto, the head having aburned gas exhaust passage opening through the overlying portion of saidhead, a combustible gas inlet passage opening into said combustionchamber, inlet and exhaust valves mounted in the head, and sparkignition means in said combustion chamber and in the path of thevincoming charge.

8. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston reciprocatingin the cylinder,

a head having a combustion chamber overlying a portion of the cylinderarea, a combustible gas inlet passage opening into the upper end of thecombustion chamber, an inlet valve controlling said passage andoverlying the cylinder area, spark ignition means in the combustionchamber remote from the lower end thereof and in the path of theincoming charge, a burned gas exhaust passage, and an exhaust valvecontrolling said exhaust passage and overlying the cylinder area.

9. ln an internal combustionengine, a cylinder, a piston reciprocatingin the cylinder,

a head having a combustion chamber o en in into the cylinder,combustible gas inlet an burned gas exhaust passages opening into saidcombustion chamber andJ directly into the cylinder, respectively, inletvand exhaust valves controlling said passages and overlying the cylinderarea, the inlet valve being at the top of said combustion chamber, andspark ignition means in said combustion chamber. v

10. In an internal combustion engine, a cylinder, a piston reciprocatingin the cylinder, a head having a combustion chamber opening into thecylinder, combustible gas inlet and burned gas exhaust passages openinginto said combustion chamber and directly into the cylinder,respectively, inlet and exhaust valves controlling said passa es andoverlying the cylinder area, the in et valve being at the top of saidcombustion chamber, and spark ignition means in said combustion chamberand in the path of the incoming charge.

11. In combmation' in an ,internal combustion engine of the aspiration te, a cylinder,

^ a piston reciprocating in the cy inder,-a head having acombustionchamber -overlying a portion of the cylinder area, the headalso having a wall at the lower end of the combustion chamberandoverlying the remainder of the cvlinder area, said wall defining with Ythe piston, when the latter is -in its position of maximum compression,a shielded area ineffective for combustion and the combustion chamberconstituting all of the eiective combustion space when said piston is insaid position of maximum compression, a passage opening into thecombustion chamber, a passage opening through said overlying wall of thehead and exterior of the combustion chamber, overhead valves controlling'said passages, one of the valves being within the combustion chamberand the other valve having its under face substantially ilush with theunder face of said wall, said other valve being exterior of thecombustion chamber and within said shielded area, and spark means forigniting the fuel charge in the combustion chamber.

. In witness whereof, I hereunto subscribe my name this 15th day ofAugust, 1928. l

HARRY L. HoRNING. y

